
Ĝ
Ĝorĝ(G circumflex) is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiced postalveolar affricate (either palato-alveolar or retroflex), and is equivalent to a voiced postalveolar affricate /dʒ/ or a voiced retroflex affricate /dʐ/.
While Esperanto orthography uses adiacriticfor its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-basedSlavicalphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic.Ĝis based on the letterg, which has this sound inEnglishandItalianbefore the vowelsiande(with some exceptions in English), to better preserve the shape of borrowings from those languages (such asĝeneralafromgeneral) than Slavicđwould.
Ĝ is the ninth letter of the Esperanto alphabet. Although it is written asgxandghrespectively in the x-system and h-system workarounds, it is normally written as G with a circumflex:ĝ.
Uses ofĜin other languages
In Haida, a language isolate, the letterĝwas sometimes used to represent pharyngeal voiced fricative /ʕ/
In Aleut, an Eskimo-Aleut language,ĝrepresents a voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/. The corresponding voiceless Aleut sound is represented by x̂.
InDutch, the letterĝis used in some phrase books and dictionaries for pronunciation help. It represents a plosive [ɡ], becausegis pronounced as a fricative /ɣ/ in Dutch.
In some transcriptions of Sumerian,ĝis used to represent the velar nasal /ŋ/.
Character mappings
Character | Ĝ | ĝ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 284 | U+011C | 285 | U+011D |
UTF-8 | 196 156 | C4 9C | 196 157 | C4 9D |
Numeric character reference | Ĝ | Ĝ | ĝ | ĝ |
See also
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Ĉ
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Ĥ
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Ĵ
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Ŝ
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Ŭ